Research Methodology For Academic Journal Articles

Moreover, the types of research questions and its understanding can be significant in determining the research methodology. Abstract The primary goal of this study is to systematize the knowledge in the area of different research methodological approaches applied in academic journal articles, assess their usefulness and present the results of the analysis. Key words: qualitative research, quantitative research, mixed method research Introduction Defining a case study method indicates the problem and entails choosing/finding a solution to solve it. However, to answer research questions it is vital to demonstrate deep consideration of the elements related to particular research design, as well as to show the ability to reflect upon research philosophy and approach to theory (Easterby-Smith et al., 2012; Eisendhardt, 1989). In business and management research a regular investigation not only leads to solving business problems, but also contributes to management knowledge (Edmondson and McManus, 2016). There are different methods solutions as well as various ways of conducting them. Based on literature review, we can distinguish qualitative, quantitative and mixed research methodological approaches. Despite the fact that the quantitative method based their theory on previous observations and findings, where the second uses findings and observations to test the already existing theory, these two methodological approaches are not mutually exclusive. The scholars not only defineShow MoreRelatedAcademic Research Reflection1203 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant aspects of conducting a research project is maintaining the ethics of academic research and producing a paper that is free of plagiarism. For a researcher to complete his or her study, it requires referencing the work of others who have analyzed the variable of the topic previously. This gives insight into the problem and makes the research paper more concrete and thus provides more depth to the analysis. Hence, several universities and accredited academic institutions have developed theRead MoreThe Effects Of Support Staff On Pupil Engagement And Individual Attention 1502 Words   |  7 Pagesassignment will critically evaluate the quantitative article entitled ‘The effect of support staff on pupil engagement and individual attention’. Due to the limited word count the assignment will focus on the key strengths and weaknesses within the article, highlighting bot h the ontological and epistemological stance taken by the authors. From the evaluation of the article the assignment will conclude as to whether the study has effectively answered the research questions and if it has any impact on the futureRead MoreStandardization in International Marketing Strategy Is Doomed to Failure: Literature Review and Methodological Critique1577 Words   |  7 Pagesand therefore a standardized approach to company operations, productions, marketing and other functions is feasible and advisable. This review focuses on a limited number of articles written since the first issue of standardization that addressed the aspect of advertising by Elinder in 1961, and selected from the main journals in business and management theory. There has been an ongoing debate about positive and negative aspects of business strategy based on total standardization across national marketsRead MoreScholarly Bibliography On Scholarly Journals Essay866 Words   |  4 PagesScholarl y/academic journal Scholarly journal, also called as academic/scientific/refereed journal or very often peer-reviewed journal, is a peer-reviewed/refereed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published. Academic journals serve as forums for the introduction and presentation for scrutiny of new research, and the critique of existing research (Blake Bly, 2000). Scholarly article/paper Scholarly paper/article, also called as research and academic paper/articleRead MoreBidging The Gap Between Scholarship And Practice1200 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis of the above journals will follow the same chronological order as the historical perspectives above. Two issues from each journal published within the last three years will be described and analyzed. Public Administration ReviewPAR volume 76 issue 1 was published in January/February 2016, volume 77 issue 2 was published in March/April 2017. Generally, one of the most noticeable aspects of these issues was the application of their goal to bridge the gap between academics and practitionersRead MoreThe Importance Of Knowledge, And Attitudes Toward Evidence Based Practice Among Nursing Staff770 Words   |  4 PagesThis is a review of the academic nursing research article entitled Use, Knowledge, and Attitudes Toward Evidence-Based Practice Among Nursing Staff which was published in the Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing in 2013. The article will be examined with regards to methodology, data analysis, as well as resulting correlations and conclusions that the authors identify in their discussion. The article provides information based on responses from a questionnaire regarding nurse s attitudesRead MoreMethodology And Positive Evaluations Of After-School Art Programs1195 Words   |  5 Pages This academic journal article covers the methodology and findings from two different After-School art programs. The National Arts and Youth Demonstration Project (NAYDP) in Canada and The Tampa Arts and Youth Demonstration Project (TAYDP) in the United States. The TAYDP was ideally compare to the Canadian After-School art program because of its similarities with children from low-income multicultural communities. This program report represents one of the few well-controlled evaluations ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance852 Words   |  4 Pagesundergraduate student that is also affected by the lack of adequate sleep. Topic Definition Development For the Research Review Article, I wanted to understand how sleep deprivation affects undergraduates’ academic performance. My topic question is as follow: What is the underlining cause of sleep deprivation in undergraduate students how does this phenomenon negatively affects their academic performance? It is well known that poor sleep pattern is a common trend in college students. What I am seekingRead MoreJournal Article Analysis Essay example1577 Words   |  7 PagesJournal Article Analysis tgkoontz University of Phoenix Abstract A Week 3 assignment in the class, PHL/717 Constructing Meaning, required a philosophical analysis of an article in the Journal of Psychology. The article investigated how the connection between knowledge and learning influenced individuals to think about controversial everyday issues. The analysis included identifying philosophical assumptions, explaining practical significance and applicability, and relating assumptions andRead MoreShould Animals Be Used For Scientific Experiments?1189 Words   |  5 Pagesdiabetes, and saved millions of lives (MacGill: par. 1, 2016). So, where do we draw the line from justifying the use of animals for scientific research to benefit man, to giving them the right to live life alongside man? This brings up the debate: should animals be used in scientific experiments (â€Å"†¦procedures performed on living animals for purposes of research into basic biology and diseases, assessing the effectiveness of..† Humane Society International)? Th is debate has been going on for centuries

Summary Of The Help - 1012 Words

09/15/2015 ENG142 â€Å"The Help† Annotated Bibliography Tiffin University Pulg, Claudia. â€Å"‘The Help’: It’s Fine Work All Around.† USA Today. Web. 9 Aug (2011) . In her review, Claudia was basically focused on how the movie was based on racism and that in this time in the 1960’s that the movie would not be a great movie to see. Claudia, states this statement because of all issues that were going on with the civil rights at the time and how their services as maids were taken for granted. While in the process the women who were maids went to meet with Sly to them their stories a bond was created by Skeeter, Aibileen, and Minny and from there they build a sisterhood. Claudia also praises the fact that everyone did a great job in playing the characters. This article is a great resource because it pointed out how the maids were taken advantage of and this would be a great way to get specific details. Motoko, Rich. â€Å"†The Help’: A Southern Mirrored Window.† The New York Times. Web. 2 Nov (2009) http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/03/books/03help.html?pagewanted=all Motoko Rich, states that the novel is basically about the relationships between African American and their employers in the 1960’s in Mississippi. In her review, she explained who were the narrators of the novel. Aibileen and Minny and Skeeter. She continued with how Skeeter was desperate and very eager and wanted to impress the editor at the publishing house in New York with a book idea and how sheShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The Help By Kathryn Stockett1729 Words   |  7 PagesTaylor Santiago The title of this book is called The Help by Kathryn Stockett. The main characters in the story are two maids named Aibileen and Minny. These two are important to the story taking on the roles of the help. Aibileen is a 52 year old maid who has been taking care of other people’s children since she was a teenager. A few years prior to the book’s beginning, Aibileen’s son, Treelore, died. Her recent employer’s child she takes care of and her love for her son is what convinced her toRead MoreSummary : Member Involvement Tends To Help Retention?913 Words   |  4 Pagesnewly appointed commander, I would like to focus on three points pertaining to our next step: member retention. First, how member involvement tends to help retention. Second, why the personal benefits of membership is invaluable. And third, why appropriate communication with members is essential to member retention. Member Involvement Tends to Help Retention We have all had the experience of being a new member to the squadron. For some of you it has been as recently as this year. For others it mayRead MoreSummary Of The Help Follows A Young Woman By Eugenia Phalen1858 Words   |  8 PagesSet in Mississippi during the 1960s, The Help follows a young woman, Eugenia Phalen, who just graduated from University of Mississippi and returns home determined and destined to become a writer. She decides to interview the women of color in her small town who have been raising the children of the prominent white people. Skeeter s â€Å"best friend s† housekeeper Aibileen is the first to open up to Skeeter but it causes some tensions within her tight-knit colored community. She is determined to exposeRead MoreThe Website Helps People For Finding About Their Favourite Books And Guide Them With The Brief Summary Essay2314 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction The website helps people in finding about their favourite books and guide them with the brief summary of the book. It basically contains only about the latest books which are divided into three categories namely: †¢ Comic Books †¢ Tragic Books †¢ Horror Books MAIN/HOME PAGE This page is the starting page of our website. It contain a small article on reading books. It also contains all the required hyperlinks. All the hyperlinks are further connected to other hyperlinks. FEEDBACK ThisRead MorePortrait Of A Lady By Khushwant Singh Chapter Summary CBSE Class XI XII CBSE Class 11 12 Study Materials Homework Help Extra Questions1287 Words   |  6 PagesPopular Posts Portrait of a Lady by Khushwant Singh - Chapter Summary The Photograph by Shirley Toulson Chapter Summary Short Synopsis A photograph descries 3 stages. In the first stage, the photograph shows the poet s mother standing at the each enjoyi... Story in a Nutshell In this story, Khushwant Singh draws a pen picture of his grand mother. He describes how he had  spent  his childhood Portrait of a Lady by Khushwant Singh Chapter Summary with her in the village. He also describes the change thatRead MoreThe Ipad Can Be A Helpful Learning Tool For Students On The Autism Spectrum1058 Words   |  5 Pages#1 Hill, D. (2014, May 1). Comparing the Picture Exchange Communication System and the iPadTM for Communication of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Developmental Delay. Tech Trends, 58(3), 45-53. Summary This article is about utilizing the Ipad and PECS to help students with autism to communicate. It indicates that utilizing PECSTM with teacher modeling is more likely to lead to independent communication attempts. It discusses how the PECSTM protocol teaches children by havingRead MoreReview Table, An Explanation Of John White s Occupational Daydream822 Words   |  4 PagesThe resulting portions of this information contain a Professional Score Summary Table, an explanation of John White’s Summary Code, and an appraisal of John White’s Occupational Daydream. Furthermore, the Summary Code has been employed to produce indexes of occupations, and areas of training. Lastly, a list of community resources has been supplied to help John White pursue avenues of interest. Therefore, John White’s Summary Code letters were organized in every pattern in order to make this reportRead MoreJournal Entry : Summary And Articles1402 Words   |  6 Pagesby reading a summary. Pe ople also usually summarize everything; not only is summaries used in books but it is also used in movies and shows to give us a mini summery of what the movie or television show is mainly about without having to watch the whole movie or show. I know for myself, I have read up on a lot of summaries for previous televisions shows that I might have missed so that I can catch on to the present episodes. Summaries can also be used at work when you are trying to help someone understandRead MoreImportance Of Biostatistics And A Critique1258 Words   |  6 Pagestest its validity and make a conclusion. This is essential because if we can make an inference from a sample that represents a large population, not only we are able to save time, cost and effort but we are able to arrive to a conclusion that could help us develop alternative treatments or tools in the future. For instance, in concept practice 4, we assessed the usefulness of the iPhone rhinoplasty app for the preoperative assessm ent of surgery. In this concept practice, we learned how to use hypothesisRead MoreThe Organizational Management Report ( Omr ) Or Omr Summary Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this assignment is to help me make a decision in my workplace on whether we should provide the Organizational Management Report (OMR) or OMR summary or both version reports to each organization who eligible to receive a report. There are two factors that we need to consider before we make the decision. The first factor is time. How long will it take us to populate five hundred and twenty full versions OMR and OMR summary? Our office has promised to provide the report by

Offenders Psychological and Physical Treatment Free Essays

All adult suspects who are accused of a crime have their rights protected under the U. S. Constitution whether they have a disability or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Offenders Psychological and Physical Treatment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The majority of crimes can be linked to some form of psychological disorder. According to the article Psychotherapy and Counseling for Offenders, if more psychological treatment were provided to offenders, reduction of recidivism may be obtained.Psychological evaluation for suspected offenders may include the review of all evidence collected from the crime scene; a clinical interview that reviews the defendant’s psychosocial history that includes any of their past psychological treatment or their past criminal offenses is performed. â€Å"Psychological testing to evaluate the presence of psychological disorders, psychopathy, or personality characteristics that may have mediated rational decision making or interfered with judgment or perception† (Guidance Associates of Pennsylvania, 2010, p. ), is also a part of the pre-sentencing psychological evaluation.Those who are accused of sexual offenses psychological evaluations are recommended for treatment recommendations to the court. Sexual assault crimes are committed by those who may have a wide array of psychological problems and it is important to identify the underlying disorder that may have contributed to a person committing a sexual offense. Mental retardation, psychotic disorders, personality disorders, and substance abuse may influence an individual‘s sexual behavior thus leading to their sexual offense. The Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment. Law enforcement officers are to respect and protect human rig hts and dignity at all times. Use of force is only used when absolutely necessary and only to the extent required for them to perform their duty no force beyond that may be used.Police officers are to ensure that offenders who are injured receive medical attention and that their families are properly notified. While under arrest or in the custody of law enforcement personnel a person has the right to be free from physical harm and evaluated for any psychological problems that should be addressed to ensure the person accused knows and understands their rights and those with disabilities have the appropriate provisions made.References: Guidance Associates of Pennsylvania: Forensic Services (2005). Retrieved from: http://www. guidancepa. com/forensics. htm#psycheval. Rights of the Criminally Accused (2004). Retrieved from: http://www. moadvocacy. org/Manuals/LegalRights/RightsCriminallyAccused. pdf. Psychotherapy and Counseling for Offenders (1999). Retrieved from: http://www. psychologyinfo. com/forensic/offender_counseling. html How to cite Offenders Psychological and Physical Treatment, Papers

Raw Material Such That Raw Material Comes †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Raw Material Such That Raw Material Comes? Answer: Introduction Cash is one of the most important and critical resource in managing a business. It has been rightly said that cash is the KING as without it no business requirements can be sustained. This is one of the major component of the working capital and gives liquidity to the company. However, there should be a planning as to maintain only the required minimum amount of cash in hand such that the resource is not wasted and its alternative use or opportunity cost can be utilised. (Raiborn, Butler, Martin, 2016) Another important factor is the cycle within within which the cash is rolled back to the company when the company invests it in the form of raw material such that raw material comes, it is converted into finished goods, it is kept in the stock and then sold to the customer then the customer is given some credit terms and he/she pays back within such timelines, similarly the vendor or the supplier is also paid in some time based on the credit terms availed from him/her. Based on all th is, there is a timeline post which the cash once invested is returned or rolled back in the form of cash again. This is called cash operating or cash conversion cycle. The lower it is, the better it is for the business as it reflects liquidity and mobility of the cas Concepts on the cash flow management Here we will be discussing on 4 major components of cash management mentioned belew: Inventory management system: It forms part of the working capital and optimum inventory needs to be maintained in order to avoid the storage and pilferage costs. It may depends upon company to company and industry to industry as per the customer needs. For example, the food retailers and restaurants would have less inventory as compared to the apparels or construction industry(Knechel Salterio, 2016). The inventory management techniques include Just in time approach, the Kaizen approach, the vendor management approach where either the ordering is done based on the needs or the orders from the customer such that there is least time lag and least storage costs or the vendor himself looks into the stocks maintained by the company and replenishes them once the stock is low. Earlier the companies used to follow the approach called EOQ or economic order quantity where minimum possible quantity of stock was ordered based on the demand. This entails huge costs so the business managers shoul d look to economise it through effective and efficient planning. Ageing Analysis of the receivables and Bad debt: A continuous tarcking of the receivables ageing should be in focus in order to avaoid the bad debts and providing the management with the early warning signals in case there is any challenge in collection of the receivables. This helps to understand which of the debtors are faultering the credit timelines and where the discount could be given to the debtors based on the quick cash collection. It also helps to plan well if any of the debtors is experiencing a financial distress and may be bankruptcy by taking a provision for doubtful debts in the books. This also helps to analyse what are the customers who need to be continuously tracked and who are the healthy customers with which the business can be increased. (Fay Negangard, 2017) It also gives the fair idea of the DSO and what is the amount of working capital requirement in terms of the debtors standing in the balance sheet. Bad debts needs to be avoided on priority and the ageing schedule is the key to it as debtors can also be discounted or factoring can be done in case of immediate requirement of the cash to the company. The cost of foregoing the discount on the payables: This is one of the essential component and remains being unutilized by most of the companies because of the lack of analytical thinking. A lot of vendors offer discount in case the payment is made immediately or within the fixed timeline. Example vendor offering 1% discount in case the payment is made within 10 days, credit period being 30 days in total. In case the purchases are made for $1000000, the payment to be made comes to $ 990000 after availing discount and paying in advance by 20 days (30-10 days). On this basis, the annualised interest rate on loan comes out to (10000/990000)*(365/20) = 18.43%, i.e., the company is charging 18.43% p.a. in case the payment is made in regular 30 days. Now suppose, there is a aloan available in the market at 5-10%. The business should always avail the loan and try to make the payment to the vendor within 10 days to make use of the opportunity cost. This not only enhances the cash cycle of th e company but increases the turnover over the cash.(Jones, 2017) Working capital management ratios and cycle: The gap between the period when the cash is invested to buy inventory to the period when it is converted to cash again is termed as working capital cycle. It entails conversion of cash to inventory to finished goods to sales to debtors to cash again with payment to creditors. The shorter the cycle, the better it is. Different industries have different working capital gap such that companies which receive amount in advance of quick upon delivery like Pizza hut or Indigo airways have shorter cash conversion cycle whereas those like construction and transportation industry where the payment is on achievement of the milestone have longer cash cycles. It also depends on the credit terms offered by the vendors and how the relationship is being maintained with them.(Sonu, Ahn, Choi, 2017). Conclusion We can clearly see that the cash being a liquid asset is the most important resource of the company and there can be various measures and ways in which it can be managed well. Instead of outside funding sources, if the internal controls are well managed the cash requirement can be met within the business itself by churning it in the best possible manner. Also, care has to be taken such that extra inventory is not piled up and funds are not blocked in inventory, further the receivables are collected on time and good business relationships should be built with the suppliers in order to get the elongated credit period.(Grenier, 2017). Refrences Fay, R., Negangard, E. (2017). Manual journal entry testing : Data analytics and the risk of fraud. Journal of Accounting Education, 38, 37-49. Grenier, J. (2017). Encouraging Professional Skepticism in the Industry Specialization Era. Journal of Business Ethics, 142(2), 241-256. Jones, P. (2017). Statistical Sampling and Risk Analysis in Auditing. NY: Routledge. Knechel, W., Salterio, S. (2016). Auditing:Assurance and Risk (fourth ed.). New York: Routledge. Raiborn, C., Butler, J., Martin, K. (2016). The internal audit function: A prerequisite for Good Governance. Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, 28(2), 10-21. Sonu, C., Ahn, H., Choi, A. (2017). Audit fee pressure and audit risk: evidence from the financial crisis of 2008. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting Economics , 24(1-2), 127-144.

16 Sweet Quotes About First Love

16 Sweet Quotes About First Love The first brush of love is a delicious feeling. You feel fresh energy surging in your body, and you become constantly aware of your own appearance, attitude, and behavior. The effect of new love may last for the courtship period, where both partners put their best foot forward. You enjoy the romantic overtures, the subtle body language, and the anticipation of passionate love. You could fall in love many times during the course of a lifetime, but the first rush of love always holds a special place in our hearts. The novelty of the feeling, like the first drops of dew on an untouched leaf, makes it special and unforgettable. These first love quotes develop on the theme of this treasured rush called first love. George Bernard Shaw First love is a little foolish and a lot of curiosity. Branislav Nusic First love is dangerous only when it is also the last. Rosemary Rogers First romance, first love, is something so special to all of us, both emotionally and physically, that it touches our lives and enriches them forever. Benjamin Disraeli The magic of first love is our ignorance that it can never end. Thomas Moore No, theres nothing half so sweet in life as loves young dream. Alfred Lord Tennyson In the spring a livelier iris changes on the burnished dove;In the spring a young mans fancy lightly turns to thoughts of love. Leo Buscaglia Love is always bestowed as a gift - freely, willingly, and without expectation... We dont love to be loved; we love to love. Blaise Pascal We conceal it from ourselves in vain: we must always love something. In those matters seemingly removed from love, the feeling is secretly to be found, and man cannot possibly live for a moment without it. Nietzsche Love is the state in which man sees things; most widely different from what they are. William Shakespeare As sweet and musicalAs bright Apollos lute, strung with his hair;And when Love speaks, the voice of all the godsMakes heaven drowsy with the harmony. Lady Murasaki The memories of long love gather like drifting snow, poignant as the mandarin ducks who float side by side in sleep. Leo Buscaglia The heart is the place where we live our passions. It is frail and easily broken, but wonderfully resilient. There is no point in trying to deceive the heart. It depends upon our honesty for its survival. Richard Garnett Sweet are the words of love, sweeter his thoughts:Sweetest of all what love nor says nor thinks. Bayard Taylor The loving are the daring. Francois Mauriac No love, no friendship, can cross the path of our destiny without leaving some mark on it forever. Alexander Smith ï » ¿Love is but the discovery of ourselves in others, and the delight in the recognition. Rekindle the Romance in Your Relationship First love is not just for first-time lovers. You can even feel the magic with your spouse. Some  couples  have claimed that every time they stay apart for a while, their reunion is as if they just met on a first date. Some  married couples  renew their  marriage  vows to rekindle the old flame. Have you felt the same way about your partner? If you havent, you need to rekindle the  romance and walk down memory lane. Visit romantic cities like Paris or Rome, and  fall in love  in the presence of the gods of love.

Consumerism is Beneficial to U.S Society

Consumerism is Beneficial to U.S Society Consumerism thrives on the notion that individuals should have what they want in excess. This has led to a situation in which consumers acquire products in constantly increasing quantities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Consumerism is Beneficial to U.S Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Perceived classiness appears to be the driving force of consumerism. That is, consumption of luxury products is thought to elevate a consumer’s social class. Consumerism thrives well in a capitalist society like the United States of America. It is responsible for a number of positive and negative effects. But to a large extent, consumerism is beneficial to the United States society. It unites different social classes. Acquisition and consumption of certain products appears to unite members of different social strata in the United States. For instance, fashionable items associated with inner city dwellers may be purchase d by middle class Americans living in suburban areas. Each group has a certain value it hopes to derive from the products. The poor may associate success with certain items commonly purchased by the middle class citizens. They will purchase the same products in an attempt to experience the perceived success. On the other hand, members of a higher social class may perceive items commonly acquired by the poor as sophisticated and modern. This consumer behavior transiently breaches the gap between the two groups. In the long run, it reduces conflict between the social classes. The desire to acquire the latest products in the market is a feeling shared by the social classes. It does not matter what class one belongs to, all that matter are needs and wants of the individual. At this point the attention of the consumer is focused not on class difference but on the product. Another benefit that can be linked to consumerism is growth of the marketing sector. Consumer demand is driven by shr ewd marketing. In an attempt to attract as many buyers as possible, manufacturers and sellers often use advertising and market segmentation. The growth of luxury goods market is an example of how market segmentation can increase sales. The ripple effect is increased consumption of luxury goods. This has a positive effect on the economy and society. Individual members of society may derive pleasure from consumption. In addition, it improves production capacity through development of tools. It has been argued that production and consumption are part of a continuous process.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Without one, the other is nonexistent. However, production and development of tools may be more dependent on consumption. Therefore, consumerism may encourage advancement in the development of tools. This is an indication that excessive consumption does not necessarily crowd out production. Consumption motivates one to make more money. This is a necessary ingredient for development. Needs and wants are limitless thus encouraging hard work. It is, therefore, not correct to argue that consumerism encourages laziness. A more disturbing argument is the perception that consumption only fills a void in the consumer. Consumerism is not always a substitute for higher level of enjoyment. Various arguments against consumerism have been advanced. Consumerism has been viewed as the biggest source of environmental degradation. As the consumers increase quantities of products they purchase, more demand is exerted on the environment. The demand for meat and meat products, for example, has been increasing steadily. Consumption of meat is among the major causes of animal depletion. Therefore, consumerism may cause depletion of all natural resources leading to scarcity. Scarcity in turn increases demand thus creating a vicious cycle of environmental degradation. Th is suggests that irresponsible consumption is not sustainable. Moreover, such consumers do not worry about effects of their actions on the environment. Excessive consumption represents the greatest danger to the environment. Another criticism of consumerism is that it tends to focus on pleasure rather than enjoyment. Pleasure focuses on current gratification and does not motivate the consumers to improve their lives. Enjoyment on the other hand focuses on the task and offers an opportunity for self development. People often choose pleasure over enjoyment because it is not demanding. Pleasure is a manifestation of inner emptiness. It represents an attempt to find something involving to do. Eventually this leads to a shift in ideas from ‘what to do’ to ‘what to have’. In this case, the focus is on the benefit associated with consumption. This may slow down innovation. To live meaningfully and well in a materialistic society, one has to make certain crucial ad justments. Consumers should pay attention to environmental effects of their actions. In general, consumers should do everything in moderation. This will ensure that the environment is conserved. In addition, consumers should only engage in consumption practices that do not harm them. Harmful habits include excessive consumption of food containing excess saturated fat and salt. Consumerism also tends to encourage passive pleasurable activities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Consumerism is Beneficial to U.S Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consumers should strive to live their lives independently. Consumers should not pay a lot of attention to what others are doing. Some communal consumption habits are harmful to both the consumer and the environment. Consumption of luxury goods for example, does not add much value to the individual’s life. It appears to only increase expenses. Luxury goods are quite expensive yet the value obtained from them is similar to that of mass-market products. As a general rule, utility should override luxury. Luxury is a social construct that consumers should not chase after. A meaningful life is equivalent to having only what one needs. It also extends to owning only necessary quantities of the product. Excessive consumption does not appear to add any value to life. Moreover, owning more than necessary is wasteful. It encourages environmental destruction. This paper analyzed the benefits of consumerism to the United States society. It also examined some of the negative effects of consumerism. Consumerism is a belief that consumers should acquire what they want in excess. This implies that consumption shapes the behavior of both the individual and the society. Consumerism is a uniting factor in the society. It unites members of all social classes. Some products are associated with certain characteristics of the social class that commonly uses it. Membe rs of a lower social class may purchase products commonly used by the upper classes because they associate them with prosperity. Consumerism has fostered the development of marketing as a sector. There has been tremendous growth in the advertising sector. Some negative effects associated with consumerism include environmental degradation and focus on consumption rather than production. Consumerism has contributed to environmental degradation through wasteful ownership. Excessive consumption of meat alters ecosystems. This can be attributed to depletion of both animals and plants. To leave a meaningful and productive life in a materialistic world, one has to do things in moderation. Everything that one does should be friendly to the environment.

Vietnam and the Antiwar Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Vietnam and the Antiwar Movement - Essay Example People of all classes and backgrounds were attracted to the antiwar movement, including people that were going to college, those in the middle-class, those in the upper-class, people that worked for government institutions, and many more individuals.   This movement was recognized in 1965 and by 1968 was at its highest acclaim (Bloom and Breines 69).   The groups, while many of them had the same concepts in mind, still all served and worked within their own ideals Therefore, the point of this essay will be to argue the fact that the â€Å"antiwar movement† was not just the work of one movement in general, but that of several groups, each that had their own agendas, and something in that agenda contributed to the antiwar movement. Faber also presents a similar reflection in his section reflecting on â€Å"Vietnam.†   There is a strong feeling that, through his analysis, there also were many groups active in this movement, not just one common group. The researcher a grees with the concept presented by Bloom and Breines as well as Faber that the antiwar movement was made up of several different groups with different agendas, and was not just one blanket movement moving toward one common goal, which is often a misinterpretation of what was really going on with the protest movements.  People of all classes and backgrounds were attracted to the antiwar movement, including people that were going to college, those in the middle-class, those in the upper-class, people that worked for government institutions, and many more individuals.

Business Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Proposal - Essay Example New business developments have been shaping up, outdoing and replacing the old ways and bringing on board new ways of operations. With the help of Internet, consumers now can have much more choice for their shopping than was the case previously. It also changed enterprise’s business model, saving cost and more efficiency than before. Businesses enjoy the ease of making money and advertising because of going the e-way. Trading and information exchange is faster and the traditional business mode has had a complete revolution because of the e-business. More companies try to design a good e-business plan for survival in competition and many good samples lead the industry developing fast. E-business brings innovation to the otherwise normal business transactions leading to greater gains for the companies/businesses adopting it. E-commerce reduces cost, unnecessary value-added links and makes company respond directly to their customers. However, there are the set business ethics, co nducts and regulations that must apply even over the online business dealings. As one intends to venture into this kind of trade, specific procedures are bound to apply. Introduction: In order to add capacity or improve capabilities of functionality of an organization that deals with sale of books and such materials that can be converted into audio form, and having not to invest in new infrastructure, the emerging trend is in adopting the online strategy. It is a welcome to small businesses and such low capital ventures, which would be interested in extending the business operations across borders yet with low operating costs. It is most appropriate especially to avoid the extra high costs that are associated with setting up physical infrastructure at different geographical locations. It is also a business opportunity, which can be ventured into either privately or collaboratively (private hosting or public hosting). It has the basic advantage of not being limited by business hours and the purchase of goods the services can be done over 24 hours. However, operating an E-Commerce Website business faces the critical challenge in security matters where as a host, one must ensure the security and confidentiality of customers’ information in the highest levels possible besides putting into place reliable mechanisms to ensure ease of funds transfer. The industrial as well as scientific communities are seen to adopt E-Commerce Website offering such services as library services with conversion of hard copy books into the audio services with relatively high regard as the concept is receiving wide acknowledgement. The business sector has the main objectives of E-Commerce Website for audio books are to provide safe, fast and reliable library services over the internet connections. This critical niche provides a whole range of untapped potential in this era of technological advancement where merely all businesses are adopting information technology for the purposes of their operations. The concerns of

Ithacan University Management Research Proposal

Ithacan University Management - Research Proposal Example There are various graduates’ degrees available at Ithacan including degree in health and business. Outside the lecture room, Ithacan University provides various opportunities for employees to assist the wider society. Hibidash is the university's annual Humanity Habitat 5k race. Of huge significance is the university program that supp...orts malnourished children, and Friday Services is a program through which university staff can volunteer and support in the broader Ithacan region. Students and employees can also participate by joining many of the other students and staff organizations or by taking part in club sport or recreational activities of the institution. Ithacan University offers a high-rate education on a basis of first-name. With a close student faculty, ration of about 12:1 and emphasizes on active involvement and learning. Ithacan is the best place to prepare for a long-term success. Ithacan's Vibrant, residential university overlooks Fingers Lake and is home to over 9,000 undergraduates and more than 850 faculties. The estimated budget for the restructuring program is about 400 million dollars. The estimated amount of money will cater for the replacement of the items and facilities not automatically replaced during the last program, such as laptops docking stations, computer monitors, special keyboards, software not added to the primary network bundle and RAM upgrades. The said amount will meet the employee’s salary increment and their security needs. Even, though, there are different ways in which employees can be recognized and rewarded, as a HR director, I look to give monthly salary increments in realization and acknowledgment of individual performance for employees whose performance will be consistently appealing, and who will demonstrate the job specific skills, behaviors and knowledge to meet overall expectations of the institution. Salary adjustments will be made at the start of each year as well as contingent on funds avail ability, (Baldwin 45). Also, all faculties to be offered appointment for the following academic year will receive yearly evaluations for salary. Procedures and policies concerned with faculty evaluations will be available in the faculty Handbook. Compensation strategy

What Do You Mean By Hash Information Technology Essay

What Do You Mean By Hash Information Technology Essay A hash also called a digest, and informally a checksum is a kind of signature for a stream of data that represents the contents.  The closest real-life analog we can think is a tamper-evident seal on a software package: if you open the box (change the file), its detected. A  cryptographic hash function  is a  deterministic procedure  that takes an arbitrary block of  data  and returns a fixed-size  bit string, the (cryptographic)  hash value, such that an accidental or intentional change to the data will change the hash value. The data to be encoded is often called the message, and the hash values are sometimes called the  message digest  or simply digest. The ideal cryptographic hash function has four main or significant properties: It is easy to compute the hash value for any given message, It is  infeasible  to find a message that has a given hash, It is infeasible to modify a message without changing its hash, It is infeasible to find two different messages with the same hash. Cryptographic hash functions have many  information security  applications, notably in  digital signatures,  message authentication codes  (MACs), and other forms of  authentication. They can also be used as ordinary  hash functions, to index data in  hash tables, for  fingerprinting, to detect duplicate data or uniquely identify files, and as  checksums  to detect accidental data corruption. Indeed, in information security contexts, cryptographic hash values are sometimes called (digital) fingerprints,  checksums, or just  hash values, even though all these terms stand for functions with rather different properties and purposes. Q2. What are the principal elements of a public-key cryptosystem? Ans2. Public-Key Cryptosystems: Secrecy and Authentication, illustrates the essential elements of a public-key encryption scheme. Public key cryptography is an asymmetric scheme that uses a  pair  of keys for encryption: a  public key,  which encrypts data, and a corresponding  private,  or  secret key  for decryption. You publish your public key to the world while keeping your private key secret. Anyone with a copy of your public key can then encrypt information that only you can read. Even people you have never met. Plaintext: This is the original message or data fed into the algorithm as input. Encryption Algorithm: It performs various substitutions and transformation on plaintext. Secret Key: It is used for encryption. Ciphertext: This is the scrambled message produced as output. Decryption Algorithm: This is the encryption algorithm run in reverse. Q3. What types of information might be derived from a traffic analysis attack? Ans3. In a connection-oriented application, the frequency and duration could be determined. In either a connection-oriented or connectionless environment, the number and length of messages between parties could be determined. Traffic analysis attacks aim to derive critical information by analyzing traffic over a network. The two classes of traffic analysis attacks: link-load analysis attacks and flow-connectivity analysis attacks.   Countermeasures for such attacks are usually realized by properly padding the payload traffic so that the statistics of the overall traffic become significantly different from that of the payload traffic. Two basic countermeasure strategies are (a) to pad the traffic with constant inter-arrival times of packets (CIT) or (b) to pad the traffic with variable inter-arrival times (VIT).   Q4. What are three broad categories of applications of public-key cryptosystems? What requirements must a public key cryptosystems fulfill to be a secure algorithm? Ans4. Public-key systems are characterized by the use of a cryptographic type of algorithm with two keys. Depending on the application, the sender uses either the senders private key or the receivers public key, or both, to perform some type of cryptographic function. In broad terms, we can classify the use of public-key cryptosystems into the three categories: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Encryption/decryption: The sender encrypts a message with the recipients public key. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Digital signature: The sender signs a message with its private key, either to the whole message or to a small block of data that is a function of the message. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Key exchange: Two sides cooperate to exchange a session key. Several different approaches are possible, involving the private key(s) of one or both parties. Some algorithms are suitable for all three applications, whereas others can be used only for one or two of these applications. Public key schemes are no more or less secure than private key schemes in both cases the size of the key determines the security. But with public key schemes at least there is usually a firmer theoretical basis for determining the security since its based on well-known and well studied number theory problems. In order to solve the key management problem, the concept of public-key cryptography was introduced. Public-key cryptosystems have two primary uses, encryption and digital signatures. In their system, each person gets a pair of keys, one called the public key and the other called the private key. The public key is published, while the private key is kept secret. The need for the sender and receiver to share secret information is eliminated; all communications involve only public keys, and no private key is ever transmitted or shared. In this system, it is no longer necessary to trust the security of some means of communications. The only requirement is that public keys be associated with their users in a trusted (authenticated) manner (for instance, in a trusted directory). Anyone can send a confidential message by just using public information, but the message can only be decrypted with a private key, which is in the sole possession of the intended recipient. Furthermore, public-key cryptography can be used not only for privacy (encryption), but also for authentication (digital signatures) and other various techniques. Q5. What is digital signature standard? Ans5. This Standard specifies a suite of algorithms that can be used to generate a digital signature. Digital signatures are used to detect unauthorized modifications to data and to authenticate the identity of the signatory. In addition, the recipient of signed data can use a digital signature as evidence in demonstrating to a third party that the signature was, in fact, generated by the claimed signatory. This is known as non-repudiation, since the signatory cannot easily repudiate the signature at a later time. This Standard specifies algorithms for applications requiring a digital signature, rather than a written signature. A digital signature is represented in a computer as a string of bits. A digital signature is computed using a set of rules and a set of parameters that allow the identity of the signatory and the integrity of the data to be verified. Digital signatures may be generated on both stored and transmitted data. Signature generation uses a private key to generate a digital signature; signature verification uses a public key that corresponds to, but is not the same as, the private key. Each signatory possesses a private and public key pair. Public keys may be known by the public; private keys are kept secret. Anyone can verify the signature by employing the signatorys public key. Only the user that possesses the private key can perform signature generation. A hash function is used in the signature generation process to obtain a condensed version of the data to be signed; the condensed version of the data is often called a message digest. The message digest is input to the digital signature algorithm to generate the digital signature. The digital signature is provided to the intended verifier along with the signed data. The verifying entity verifies the signature by using the claimed signatorys public key and the same hash function that was used to generate the signature. Similar procedures may be used to generate and verify signatures for both stored and transmitted data. Q6. Explain authentication function: message encryption, message authentication code and hash function. Ans6. Message encryption: Message encryption is a process that encodes the data of a message so that unauthorized people cannot access it. The process of message encryption converts a message from readable text to scrambled or enciphered text, thus keeping the message content private. Only people who use a private key can read such a message. In fact, message encryption not only safeguards the message but also any attachments included with it. Therefore, message encryption is basically information scrambling, and the technology this process involves is very important for internal security in information technology-driven environments. When message encryption is properly used in such an environment, it helps establish a secure communication channel even in cases where the fundamental system and network infrastructure is not very secure. It is obvious that message encryption is of great significance when a message needs to be transferred through shared systems or network segments in which a number of people may otherwise be able to view it. Message encryption is an invaluable tool in situations where sensitive information needs to be safeguarded so that it cannot be seen or modified by other parties. Message authentication code: One of the reasons that encryption mechanism does not provide a good solution for message authentication is that it is difficult for the receiver to identify the legitimate plaintext. To address this problem, we can apply an error detection code to the message so that only legitimate plaintext can pass the error detection. Such error detection codes are used in the network communication to provide data integrity verification against bit errors introduced by communication channel noise. But it can not provide data integrity protection against malicious attackers. In light of error detection code, we can design a code that uses a secret key. Without the key, modifying the message in a way that it matches the code is impossible. This idea leads to the design of message authentication code (MAC). A MAC  algorithm, sometimes called a  keyed  (cryptographic)  hash function, accepts as input a  secret key  and an arbitrary-length message to be authenticated, and outputs a MAC (sometimes known as a  tag). The MAC value protects both a messages  data integrity  as well as its  authenticity, by allowing verifiers (who also possess the secret key) to detect any changes to the message content. Hash Functions: A hash function H is a transformation that takes a variable-size input m and returns a fixed-size string, which is called the hash value h (that is, h = H(m)). Hash functions with just this property have a variety of general computational uses, but when employed in cryptography the hash functions are usually chosen to have some additional properties. The basic requirements for a cryptographic hash function are: the input can be of any length, the output has a fixed length, H(x) is relatively easy to compute for any given x , H(x) is one-way, H(x) is collision-free. A  hash function  is any  well-defined procedure  or  mathematical function  that converts a large, possibly variable-sized amount of data into a small datum, usually a single  integer  that may serve as an  index  to an  array. The values returned by a hash function are called  hash values, hash codes,  hash sums, or simply  hashes.

Elian Gonzalez :: essays research papers

The swarms of rumors and tons of media coverage form a shaded cloud around one boy, his name Elian Gonzalez. Elian has been crowded by cameras , flashes and political leaders all poking at his future. I believe that Elian should go home to Cuba where he could live peacefully out of the American media's blood hound reporters camera flashes and editorials. Elian's father and his family should be able to come to terms and decide on the fate of this young child. He is just being used as a puppet in the political war between Castro's Communism and Clinton's Democracy.I wish that the people of Miami would realize that Elian should not be given special rights to gain entrance to America. Since I have been to Cuba I am sure that there are many other people that would like to be able to travel and stay in America. That is not possible for them they are not cute enough or the center of a political debate therefore , Elian should be sent back to prove that he is a normal citizen and that every one in society is an equal.This debate over his location has gone much to far. The boy was taken out by force because the Miami residents would not give him up with out a fight. There were riots in the streets where senseless behavior the smashing cars and destruction throughout the streets of Little Havana. What does this solve? Nothing only people's valuables being destroyed which has nothing to do with the fight for Elian. That is exactly what it is no longer a peaceful discussion but a verbal and physical fight to decide this child's life.If this boy who is almost looked upon as a so called gift from god had been dealt with like every other illegal immigrant he would be merely sent back across the ocean he came across back to his native home of Cuba.